“Men” is not synonymous to “person”, nor does “he” mean “she.” It is important for contractual language to be not only precise but also accurate. Many agreements govern multiple individuals, some of whose gender is unclear or variable. This article will give you advice and guidance on how to adjust contract language to be gender-neutral. As society moves towards treating all genders equally, legal contracts should too.
What is gender?
Gender is the socially constructed characteristics of “male” and “female” and includes norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of men and women.
What is gender-neutral?
Merriam-Webster defines gender-neutral as “not referring to either sex but only to people in general.”
Why it matters:
Conversations around gender and gender-neutrality are becoming more and more mainstream. Thomson Reuters reported that in the past year (2018), there has been an increase in the number of clients requesting gender-neutral documents. Startups are at the forefront of change and industry disruption, so it is logical that they stay ahead of the trend.
As you operate business, there are a number of form contracts that you will use regularly. These form contracts are agreements your attorney drafts with brackets and spaces for you to update depending on each use. For example, common form contracts include (1) Employee Offer Letters, (2) Confidentiality, Nondisclosure, and Assignment of Inventions Agreements, (3) Equity Incentive Plan, (4) Stock Option Grants, and (5) Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement.
Traditionally, these form contracts used masculine pronouns. It used to be that progressive contracts simply did not use “he” but rather “she” or “he or she.” As Thomson Reuters reported:
“In the old days it was almost certain that your senior employees would be men; a contract would be drafted accordingly, and then the ladies would be given a metaphorical pat on the head by including in the boilerplate the reassurance that references to the male gender should be interpreted to include the female.”
Now, the shift towards non-gendered pronouns and away from binary choices of “he” or “she” means attorneys need to adopt new drafting techniques. As entrepreneurs and leaders of your own business, you can encourage this shift.
What to do:
Replace the masculine pronoun with an article, for example using “the position” in place of “his position”
-
Use a neutral word or phrase such as “person” or “individual”
-
Define the term and repeat that noun
-
Rewrite the sentence in order to eliminate the pronoun completely
What to be wary of (for now):
-
Using the singular “they” and its other grammatical forms to refer to indefinite pronouns and singular nouns, for example using “they” in place of “she” and “them,” “themselves,” and “their” in place of “her,” “herself,” and “hers.”
-
Part of drafting a contract is using precise language. While there is rising social acceptance of the use of singular “they,” a court has not ruled on its interpretation in contracts. Likely, it will take legal precedent in Delaware interpreting such use to accept the use of the singular “they.”
-
This same logic applies to the use of the singular “ze.”
-
-
Using the plural “they.”
-
Similarly, the use of the plural can be misleading. For an employment offer letter, for instance, the offer is not to a number of people but rather to one individual.
-
-
A catch-all clause like “Unless the context otherwise requires, a reference to one gender shall include reference to the other genders”
-
It was offensive when the use of male pronouns were supposed to encompass women and men. Such use effectively reinforced gender stereotypes. It is equally offensive when it is used to refer to all genders.
-
Gender neutrality facilitates accurate, precise contracts. It is important that an individual who is subject to a contract feel as though the contract applies to that individual. In addition, that individual should also feel respected.
©1994-2019 Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. All Rights Reserved.
