Beer is heavily taxed. Whether the historical policy rationale for beer’s steep taxation remains relevant today can be debated, but there is no debate that beer is currently one of the most heavily taxed industries in the United States.  However, brewers might feel some financial relief if the current congressional proposal to lower the federal excise tax on beer becomes law.

All beer sold in the United States is subject to federal excise tax which is calculated on a per-barrel basis. Currently, the excise tax is assessed at a rate of $18 per barrel of beer.  However, small domestic brewers, those who produce less than 2,000,000 barrels per year, enjoy a lower tax rate of only $7 per barrel for the first 60,000 barrels sold and $18 per barrel for any sales in excess of the 60,000 barrels.

Although the excise tax on beer is paid by the brewer, in reality the tax is passed on to the consumer in the form of a higher price for the product. Because a barrel contains 31 gallons, and each gallon is 128 fluid ounces, a barrel holds about 330 twelve ounce bottles or cans of beer.  This means the tax on a barrel could be passed on to as many as 330 beer drinkers!

The Senate bill, as written on November 28, 2018, would reduce the excise tax on beer in two ways. First, the excise tax for all brewers would be reduced from $18 per barrel to $16 per barrel on the first 6,000,000 barrels sold each year.  Every brewer, even the largest ones, would benefit from this reduced tax rate.  Second, domestic brewers producing less than 2,000,000 barrels per year would experience a reduction in the excise tax on the first 60,000 of barrels sold from the current rate of $7 per barrel to $3.50 per barrel.  These two changes to the tax law would apply only for years 2018 through 2020.  In 2021, the tax rates would return to their current levels.  Because the tax reduction is only temporary, consumers should not expect to see an immediate corresponding drop in beer prices.

The table below illustrates the tax savings various sized brewers would realize if the Senate proposal becomes law.

The proffered policy rationale for temporarily reducing the excise tax on beer is to encourage brewers to create jobs and make capital investment. The theory behind this policy is that if the tax burden on brewers is temporarily reduced, brewers could invest the savings into growing their operations and boosting the economy.

No new law is ever certain until it has been passed by both houses of Congress and signed by the President. Nonetheless, brewers should keep an eye on the ultimate fate of the Senate proposal and have a plan for how they will deploy the resulting tax savings if the bill ultimately becomes law.

This post was written by Zachary F. Lamb and Hayley R. Wells of Ward and Smith PA.

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The 2016 elections have laid the foundation for the most significant Congressional tax reform effort since the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. In the past several years, the leadership of the Congressional tax-writing committees (i.e., the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee) have produced the blueprint for tax reform. More recently, President-elect Trump offered his own tax reform package and pledged to work with the Congress to enact tax reform this year. Against this backdrop, we anticipate that the House Ways and Means Committee will move a comprehensive tax reform bill during the first 100 days of the Trump administration. The Senate Finance Committee will likely move at a slower pace, but its leadership is equally committed to tax reform this year.

While the final version of the tax reform legislation is still under development, it may include the following elements:

1. a compressed rate structure for individuals with a top rate of 33 percent on ordinary income, a 50 percent deduction for investment income, and a corresponding reduction in the availability of various personal credits, deductions, and exclusions

2. a top corporate rate of 20 percent (although Trump has called for a rate as low as 15 percent) together with a similar reduction of various business tax preferences and credits

3. a general elimination of depreciation in favor of immediate expensing for depreciable business assets

4. a repeal of the estate tax and replacement with, for example, a capital gains tax on death, and

5. a transition to a territorial international tax system under which foreign profits of American companies would generally not be subject to U.S. tax, together with a deemed repatriation provision for previously accumulated earnings

As a result, this legislation will likely impact virtually every taxpayer in the United States.

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