In yet another development on the fight to address the opioid epidemic, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced on Tuesday, April 17th that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”) will issue a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRM”) amending the controlled substance quota requirements in 21 C.F.R. Part 1303. The Proposed Rule was published in the Federal Register yesterday and seeks to limit manufacturers’ annual production of opioids in certain circumstances to “strengthen controls over diversion of controlled substances” and to “make other improvements in the quota management regulatory system for the production, manufacturing, and procurement of controlled substances.”[1]
Under the proposed rule, the DEA will consider the extent to which a drug is diverted for abuse when setting annual controlled substance production limits. If the DEA determines that a particular controlled substance or a particular company’s drugs are continuously diverted for misuse, the DEA would have the authority to reduce the allowable production amount for a given year. The objective is that the imposition of such limitations will “encourage vigilance on the part of opioid manufacturers” and incentivize them to take responsibility for how their drugs are used.
The proposed changes to 21 C.F.R. Part 1303 are fairly broad, but could lead to big changes in opioid manufacture if implemented. We have summarized the relevant changes below.
Section 1303.11: Aggregate Production Quotas
Section 1303.11 currently allows the DEA Administrator to use discretion in determining the quota of schedule I and II controlled substances for a given calendar year by weighing five factors, including total net disposal and net disposal trends, inventories and inventory trends, demand, and other factors that the DEA Administrator deems relevant. Now, the proposed rule seeks to add two additional factors to this list, including consideration of the extent to which a controlled substance is diverted, and consideration of U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and state data on legitimate and illegitimate controlled substance use. Notably, the proposed rule allows states to object to proposed, potentially excessive aggregate production quota and allows for a hearing when necessary to resolve an issue of material fact raised by a state’s objection.
Section 1303.12 and 1303.22: Procurement Quotas and Procedure for Applying for Individual Manufacturing Quotas
Sections 1303.12 and 13030.22 currently require controlled substance manufactures and individual manufacturing quota applicants to provide the DEA with its intended opioid purpose, the quantity desired, and the actual quantities used during the current and preceding two calendar years. The DEA Administrator uses this information to issue procurement quotas through 21 C.F.R. § 1303.12 and individual manufacturing quotas through 21 C.F.R. § 1303.22. The proposed rule’s amendments would explicitly state that the DEA Administrator may require additional information from both manufacturers and individual manufacturing quota applicants to help detect or prevent diversion. Such information may include customer identities and the amounts of the controlled substances sold to each customer. As noted, the DEA Administrator already can and does request additional information of this nature from current quota applicants. The proposed rule would only provide the DEA Administrator with express regulatory authority to require such information if needed.
Section 1303.13: Adjustments of Aggregate Production Quotas
Section 1303.13 allows the DEA administrator to increase or reduce the aggregate production quotas for basic classes of controlled substances at any time. The proposed rule would allow the DEA Administrator to weigh a controlled substance’s diversion potential, require transmission of adjustment notices and final adjustment orders to a state’s attorney general, and provide a hearing if necessary to resolve material factual issues raise by a state’s objection to a proposed, potentially excessive adjusted quota.
Section 1303.23: Procedures for Fixing Individual Manufacturing Quotas
The proposed rule seeks to amend Section 1303.23 to deem the extent and risk of diversion of controlled substances as relevant factors in the DEA Administrator’s decision to fix individual manufacturing quotas. According to the proposed rule, the DEA has always considered “all available information” in fixing and adjusting the aggregate production quota, or fixing an individual manufacturing quota for a controlled substance. As such, while the proposed rule’s amendment may require manufacturers to provide the DEA with additional information for consideration, it is not expected to have any adverse economic impact or consequences.
Section 1303.32: Purpose of Hearing
Section 1303.32 currently grants the DEA Administrator to hold a hearing for the purpose of receiving factual evidence regarding issues related to a manufacturer’s aggregate production quota. The proposed rule would amend this section to conform to the amendments to sections 1303.11 and 1303.13 discussed herein, allowing the DEA Administrator to explicitly hold a hearing if he/she deems a hearing to be necessary under sections 1303.11(c) or 1303.13(c) based on a state’s objection to a proposed aggregate production quota.
Industry stakeholders will have an opportunity to submit comments for consideration by the DEA by May 4, 2018.
[1] DEA, NPRM 21 C.F.R. Part 1303 (Apr. 17, 2018).
