Chicago Adopts Paid Sick Leave Following Burgeoning National Trend

Chicago paid Sick leaveLate last month, the Chicago City Council unanimously approved a new paid sick leave ordinance requiring virtually every employer in the city to provide at least some paid time off to employees for sick leave purposes. Cook County’s Board of Commissioners is expected to approve a similar ordinance later this year. Chicago is not setting any trends by doing so — it is only the latest example of a nationwide trend to mandate that employers provide paid time off to employees to care for themselves or their families — a trend certain to continue and expand.

Although there is currently a patchwork of rules and regulations regarding paid sick leave across the country, Chicago’s ordinance is a fair representative of similar requirements in other states and municipalities. The ordinance, which will become effective on July 1, 2017, covers any employee based in and/or working inside Chicago’s city limits who works 80 or more hours within a 120-day period — essentially anyone taking home a paycheck on a regular basis. Employers must provide these workers the right to accrue and use up to five paid sick days (or 40 hours) per year, earned at a minimum rate of one hour for every 40 hours worked.

Further, workers must be allowed to roll over up to two and a half days (20 hours) of unused sick leave into the subsequent year — but employers can cap the total accrual amount at 40 hours, if they desire. Accrual of paid sick leave must begin on an employee’s first day of employment (or July 1, 2017, for existing employees — whichever is later), and accrual and use requirements are then measured from that date going forward. Employers may, however, restrict new employees’ use of paid sick leave until after they complete six full months of continuous employment.

Importantly, the Chicago ordinance does not require that employers create a separate paid sick leave scheme if they already maintain a general undifferentiated Paid Time Off (PTO) policy that meets or exceeds the required accrual rates. For example, if an employer maintains a PTO policy that provides accrual of PTO at a rate of two hours for every 40 hours worked, capping the total number of PTO days at 15, then the PTO policy exceeds the requirements. However, if PTO accrues at a rate slower than one hour for every 40 hours worked, the policy will need to be revised to meet the minimum requirements.

Sick leave may be used by employees to care for themselves or their families when they are sick, to receive medical care, including treatment, diagnosis, or preventive care, and if the employee or family member is the victim of domestic violence or sexual abuse. Employers must also give employees the ability to use their accrued sick time if the employer, or the employee’s children’s schools, are closed because of a public health emergency.

There are additional nuances to the law, some of which vary, depending on a particular workforce, including interplay with the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) calculation of sick pay for tipped workers, and waiver of sick leave requirements in a collective bargaining agreement. Also, just as employers with PTO policies will want to ensure theirs is up to snuff in light of these new rules, employers without a PTO policy may want to consider adopting one to simplify their time-off benefit administration. As a result of these and other issues and trends across the country, employers should consult with counsel to ensure they are meeting or exceeding the minimum sick leave requirements in their places of work.

© 2016 Foley & Lardner LLP

UPDATE: San Diego’s Expansion of Minimum Wage and Paid Sick Leave

San Diego Earned Sick LeaveOn July 11, 2016, the San Diego Earned Sick Leave and Minimum Wage Ordinance became effective. As of the effective date, employers are required to pay employees who work at least two hours in a calendar week within the geographical boundaries of the City of San Diego a minimum wage of $10.50. Employers are also now required to provide employees one hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked. The City also published the notices employers are required to post in the workplace regarding the new minimum wage and sick leave laws.

The San Diego City Council is currently in the process of considering an implementing ordinance for the Earned Sick Leave and Minimum Wage Ordinance. The implementing ordinance will, inter alia, designate an enforcement office, establish a system for receiving and adjudicating complaints, amend the remedy for violations and the accrual requirement for sick leave, and clarify the language of the Ordinance. If the implementing ordinance takes effect it will:

  • Allow employers to cap an employee’s total accrual of sick leave at 80 hours;

  • Allow employers to front load no less than 40 hours of sick leave to an employee at the beginning of each benefit year;

  • Clarify the enforcement process including a civil penalty cap for employers with no previous violations; and

  • Clarify language regarding the award of sick leave to be more consistent with State law.

Read the Implementing Ordinance.

Read about the noteworthy changes, including the minimum wage increase schedule.

View the required minimum wage and sick leave notices.

© 2010-2016 Allen Matkins Leck Gamble Mallory & Natsis LLP

Three California Municipalities Enact New Minimum Wage and Paid Sick Leave Laws

paid sick leave minimum wageThe trend toward local regulation of employment laws continues in California with three new local wage and hour enactments.

San Diego

On June 7, 2016, San Diego voters passed a ballot initiative containing two provisions for hourly workers. First, San Diego’s new minimum wage will be $10.50 per hour once the ballot results are confirmed, which is expected to be in mid-July.  Second, San Diego will have its own paid sick leave policy of five days (40 hours) – which is in excess of the state law that allows employers to limit use of accrued paid sick leave to three days (24 hours).

Like the state law, San Diego’s paid sick leave will accrue at one hour for every 30 hours worked and cannot be used until after 90 days of employment. Also like the state law, San Diego’s sick leave initiative allows accrued leave to be front loaded or accrued, and it must be carried over year to year.

The San Diego law differs from state law in that employees may accrue an unlimited amount, but employers may limit the amount an employee can use to 40 hours per year. Note that even if a business is not within San Diego city limits, if an employee performs at least two hours of work per week within San Diego, they accrue paid sick leave for the hours they work within the city. This will dramatically affect delivery drivers, caterers, construction workers, or any company with a mobile workforce.  (Note that in-home supportive services, workers employed under a publicly subsidized summer or short-term youth employment program, or any student employee, camp, or program counselor of an organized camp under State law are exempted.)  The new law adds the administrative burden of tracking not only how much each employee works, but also where they work.

Los Angeles

Beginning July 1, 2016, Los Angeles employers with at least 26 employees – and, on January 1, 2017, employers with fewer than 26 employees – must comply with two new laws.

First, Los Angeles employers must provide six days (48 hours) of paid sick leave per year. Like the San Diego law, even if a business is not within city limits, if an employee performs at least two hours of work per week within the city, they accrue paid sick leave for the hours they work within the city limits. Like the state law and the San Diego law, the new Los Angeles law requires that all employees receive this sick leave (or participate in an equally generous PTO plan), including part-time and temporary employees, who must accrue this benefit at the rate of one hour for every 30 hours worked, and they must be able to access it after 90 days of employment. Also like the state law, the benefit may be front loaded or accrued and carried over to the next year.

Second, the new minimum wage will be $10.50 an hour starting July 1, 2016.

Santa Monica

Starting January 1, 2017, Santa Monica employers with more than 50 employees must provide nine days (72 hours) of paid sick leave. The application, accrual, and carryover procedures are the same as the San Diego and Los Angeles laws.

What to Do

The increasing trend toward localized employment regulation makes for a challenging compliance environment. Now more than ever, employers should consult counsel to stay abreast of these new and rapidly-changing laws.

©1994-2016 Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C. All Rights Reserved.

Paid Sick Days Required by Growing Number of Cities and States

Woman, Kleenex, SneezePaid sick leave laws are gaining traction across the nation and are not showing any signs of slowing down. As we recently reported, on September 7, 2015, President Obama signed an Executive Order requiring certain covered federal contractors and subcontractors to provide up to 56 hours of paid sick leave to an employee per year. Four states (California, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Oregon) have passed paid sick leave legislation, and more than 20 cities have passed comprehensive paid sick leave legislation, including:

  • CA: Emeryville, Oakland and San Francisco

  • MD: Montgomery County

  • NJ: Bloomfield, East Orange, Irvington, Jersey City, Monclair, Newark, Passaic, Paterson and Trenton

  • NY: New  York City

  • OR: Portland and Eugene (preempted by state law)

  • PA: Philadelphia and Pittsburgh

  • WA: Seattle and Tacoma

  • Washington, D.C.

Additional localities (e.g., Long Beach and Los Angeles, CA) have enacted paid sick leave ordinances to provide paid sick leave for employees working in certain industries, such as hotel workers. Some of these laws go into effect in 2016. However, most are already in effect, and covered employers must now comply.

For what reasons can employees use leave?

Though each varies, generally, these laws require employers to provide employees with paid leave to diagnose, care for or treat their own, or their family member’s illness, injury or condition, or for preventative medical care. Permissible uses are often broader than typical sick leave. Some laws also require employers to provide paid leave for domestic violence, stalking or sexual assaults. The local ordinance in Emeryville, CA, offers paid leave for care of service animals.

How much leave must employers provide?

Most of the jurisdictions allow employers to either provide a lump sum of leave up front each year or accrue one hour of paid sick leave per every 30 hours worked, but not all. Each law generally places a cap on usage and accrual. However, some jurisdictions such as Seattle, WA, offer much more generous caps on accrual.

What if we already provide paid leave (PTO or vacation) in excess of seven days per year? Do we need a separate sick pay policy, or can we incorporate it into PTO?

While it is possible to incorporate covered sick leave into a general PTO policy, employers must ensure that the PTO policy still meets the minimum requirements of the law(s), which is sometimes impractical. In most cases, employers will need to alter, for example, their accrual method, advance notice provisions, acceptable reasons for use and PTO carryover.

Which employees are eligible?

Employee eligibility requirements for paid sick leave tend to be minimal. For instance, many laws offer paid sick leave to not only regular full-time employees but also to part-time or temporary employees. Often times, an employer need not have a facility or office in the city or state to be covered. For instance, under California’s paid sick leave law, an employee need only work in California for 30 days per year to be eligible for paid sick time. This could mean that an employee who does not live in and/or is not based out of California may still be eligible for paid sick leave under California state law.

What other provisions do I need to consider?

In addition, the laws generally include anti-retaliation provisions, notice and posting requirements and recordkeeping obligations. Some laws, such as California’s, require employers to provide written notice of available paid sick time with each pay stub.

What should employers do?

Employers should first analyze whether their company is subject to any current or pending paid sick leave laws. Here are some initial questions to ask:

  • Does my company have a facility in any of the states/cities mentioned?

  • Does my company employ a sales force (or salesperson) or other employees in the city/state?

  • Do my company’s managers, salespersons, technicians or other employees travel for business in the city/state? If so, how frequently?

If employers determine their business may be covered under state and/or local paid sick leave law(s) listed above, they need to familiarize themselves with the specifics of those jurisdictions and implement the necessary changes to policies and practices. We are happy to assist in identifying coverage and implementing compliant changes.

© MICHAEL BEST & FRIEDRICH LLP

Philadelphia Mandates Paid Sick Leave

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.

Employers should act to ensure compliance before the law takes effect on May 13.

On February 12, the City of Philadelphia joined the nationwide paid sick leave trend when Mayor Michael Nutter signed the Promoting Healthy Families and Workplaces Ordinance (the Ordinance) into law. The Ordinance requires employers with 10 or more employees in the City of Philadelphia to provide paid and unpaid sick leave to eligible employees and is effective May 13.

Under the Ordinance, full- and part-time employees who work at least 40 hours per year within the City of Philadelphia will accrue paid sick leave at the rate of one hour for every 40 hours worked, up to a maximum of 40 hours per year. Employees who work less than 40 hours per year within the City of Philadelphia will accrue unpaid sick leave at the same rate.[2]Employees may use covered leave (1) for their own illnesses; (2) to address a family member’s mental or physical illness, injury, or health condition; or (3) to obtain medical attention to recover from an injury or disability caused by domestic or sexual violence (including stalking) or for related legal services or remedies.

The Ordinance also includes the following:

  • Employer Coverage: Employers that employ fewer than 10 full-time, part-time, or temporary employees for at least 40 weeks in a calendar year are not required to comply with the Ordinance. However, certain chain establishments, as defined under the Ordinance, are required to provide paid sick leave regardless of the number of employees at the chain’s Philadelphia location.

  • Excluded Employees: Independent contractors, seasonal employees, adjunct professors, employees hired for a term of less than six months, interns, pool employees in the healthcare industry, state and federal employees, and employees covered by a bona fide collective bargaining agreement are not covered by the Ordinance.

  • Accrual of Paid Sick Time: Paid sick time begins to accrue on the effective date of the Ordinance (May 13) for any then-current employee and begins to accrue on the date of hire for any employees hired after the effective date. Recently hired employees can use accrued sick time 90 days after their hire date. Employers must allow employees to carry over accrued sick time to the following calendar year, unless the employer chooses to provide at least 40 hours of sick time at the beginning of the following calendar year. Employers that already provide employees with paid leave (including, for example, vacation days, sick days, floating holidays, parental leave, personal leave, or paid time off) that may be used as sick leave and that meets or exceeds the amount mandated by the Ordinance are not required to provide additional sick leave.

  • Use of Paid Sick Time: Employees are generally required to provide advanced notice of the need for sick leave and may use accrued sick time in hourly increments (or any smaller increment) that the employer uses to account for absences or use of other time. If an employee takes two or more sick days, the employer may require documentation to verify that the sick time is covered by the Ordinance.

  • Notice: Covered employers must distribute individual written notices to all eligible employees regarding their rights under the Ordinance or display a poster regarding the Ordinance in a conspicuous and accessible location in the workplace. If an employer has employees who do not speak English as a first language, the employer must post or provide individual notice of the Ordinance and its requirements in any other language that is the first language spoken by at least 5% of its workforce.

  • Anti-Discrimination and Anti-Retaliation Provisions: The Ordinance prohibits discrimination and retaliation against any employees who exercise their rights under the Ordinance or who inform other employees about the right to paid sick time under the Ordinance. The Ordinance also creates a rebuttable presumption of retaliation against any employer that takes an adverse action against an employee within 90 days of the employee engaging in protected activity under the Ordinance.

  • Enforcement: Mayor Nutter will designate an agency responsible for implementing, administering, and enforcing the Ordinance, and the agency will have the authority to issue guidelines and regulations to carry out and enforce the Ordinance. Employees may pursue claims against an employer for violations of the Ordinance by filing a complaint with the agency or in court (after first filing a complaint with the agency). The agency or the city solicitor may also pursue claims in court against employers to enforce the Ordinance.

  • Record Keeping: Employers must keep records that document the hours worked by employees and sick time accrued by and taken by the employees. Employers must retain the required records for a two-year period and allow the agency reasonable access to such records with appropriate notice.

Recommendations

To ensure compliance, employers should take the following actions on or before May 13:

  • Supply each employee with an individual written notice that contains the information required by the Ordinance or display a poster with the same information where employees can easily read it. The Ordinance mandates that this same information should also be included in any employee handbook distributed to employees. (The city has yet to issue a model poster. Employers should continue to visit the city’s website because the agency responsible for enforcing the Ordinance is required to create and make available a poster that contains the mandated paid sick leave information.)

  • Review, create, or modify existing vacation, paid time off, and sick leave policies to ensure compliance with the Ordinance. Employers must ensure that they are not only providing sufficient sick leave to employees but also that employees are permitted to take leave under the Ordinance’s terms.

  • Train human resources and supervisory personnel on the Ordinance’s new sick leave requirements, including, for example, the reasons that employees may use sick time, how much sick time they may use, and the documentation that employers may request when employees use accrued sick time. Employers should also train human resources and supervisory personnel on the anti-discrimination and anti-retaliation provisions under the Ordinance and update related policies accordingly.

  • Ensure that time and payroll records are sufficiently detailed to reflect the hours that employees worked and the amount of sick leave covered employees accrued and used to comply with the Ordinance’s record-keeping provisions.

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Paid Sick Leave: Coming Soon to a City Near You?

Barnes & Thornburg LLP Law Firm

President Obama reincarnated paid sick leave as a possible federal law right in his recent State of the Union address. “Send me a bill that gives every worker in America the opportunity to earn seven days of paid sick leave,” Obama said. “It’s the right thing to do.” Under the Family and Medical Leave Act, employees of covered employers currently have rights to as much as twelve weeks of unpaid medical leave per year. In addition, thousands of employers of every size voluntarily provide some form of paid sick leave in their employee benefits, such as a limited number of sick days or personal days. Three states (California, Connecticut and Massachusetts) presently mandate some form of paid sick leave for employees of private companies.

Although the President’s prospects for achieving a federal form of paid sick leave seem dim in the current Republican majority Congress, paid sick leave benefits are steadily rolling out at the municipal level.

The growing roster of cities with paid sick leave ordinances now includes: New York City; San Francisco; Seattle and Tacoma, Washington; Portland and Eugene, Oregon; and eight municipalities in New Jersey. This is a recent trend. In 2014, two states (Massachusetts and California) and five cities adopted paid sick leave laws for the first time. While more state-level paid sick leave laws do not appear to be on the near horizon, the steady growth of municipal-level paid sick leave requirements for private employers may indicate an important trend.

Local paid sick leave ordinances create serious complications for employers with widespread operations, resulting in a patchwork of employee benefits and medical leave issues on top of current FMLA compliance headaches.

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Paid Sick Leave Spreads Throughout New Jersey

Sheppard Mullin Law Firm

While the New Jersey Senate and Assembly continue to debate state-wide sick leave laws, four more New Jersey municipalities have enacted mandatory sick leave laws for private employers.  Effective January 2015, East Orange, Paterson, Irvington and Passaic will join Newark and Jersey City in requiring paid sick time for employees.

Under the recently passed ordinances of those municipalities, most employees of private employers who work a total of 80 hours or more in a covered municipality will accrue at least one hour of paid sick time for every 30 hours worked.  For employees who are exempt from the overtime requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act, employers should assume a 40 hour workweek, unless the employee’s normal workweek is less than 40 hours.  If the exempt employee’s normal workweek is less than 40 hours, accrual may be based on the employee’s normal workweek.

Employees who work for employers with 10 or more employees in the municipality may accrue up to 40 hours of paid sick time in a calendar year, while employees who work for employers with less than 10 employees in the municipality may accrue up to 24 hours of paid sick time per calendar year, with some exceptions.  For example, home health care workers and food service workers may accrue up to 40 hours per calendar year regardless of the size of the employer.

Paid sick time accrual begins upon the effective date of the applicable ordinance and thereafter upon the date of hire.  However, accrued time may not be used until after the 90th calendar day of employment.  After 90 calendar days of employment, employees must be permitted to use accrued sick time for several reasons including:

  • To care for their own or a family member’s sickness, need for medical diagnosis, care or treatment of a sickness, or need for preventative medical care; or

  • Due to a forced closing of the employee’s place of business or to care for a child whose school or place of care has a forced closing, or to care for a family member when a health authority or a health care provider has determined that the family member’s exposure to a communicable disease would jeopardize the health of other’s in the community.

The ordinances allow an employer to require reasonable advance notice where the leave is foreseeable and as soon as practicable where it is not.  The ordinances also permit an employer to request that the employee confirm in writing that the time was used for a permissible purpose, and where the employee has been out for three or more consecutive days, the employer may request reasonable supporting documentation from a health care professional.  An employer may not, however, require that the documentation explain the nature of the illness.  To the extent any health information is disclosed, such information must be treated as confidential and only disclosed to the affected employee or with the affected employee’s permission.

Once accrued, up to 40 hours of paid sick time may be carried over into the next calendar year.  An employer may, however, elect to pay its employees for unused sick time at the end of the calendar year in lieu of carry over.  Note that even where an employee does carry over accrued paid sick time, an employer is not required to permit the employee to take more than 40 hours of paid sick time in a calendar year.  The “calendar year” may be defined by the employer as any regular consecutive 12-month period.

Employers who already have paid time off policies that provide sufficient paid time to satisfy the total annual accrual requirements of the applicable ordinance, and permit such paid time off to be used for the same purposes identified in the ordinance, are not required to provide additional paid time.  Employers should be mindful, however, that if their current policy only provides paid time off to full-time employees, either their policy should be modified to extend such paid time off to all employees who work more than 80 hours in a covered municipality or a separate policy should be implemented for part-time and temporary employees that satisfies the minimum requirements of any applicable ordinance.

While none of the ordinances require an employer to pay employees for accrued but unused sick time upon separation, if an employee is rehired within six months, any accrued but unused sick time must be reinstated.  Likewise, if an employee is transferred within the municipality the employee retains any unused sick time.

Each of the ordinances provide expansive protections against retaliation and require employers to provide individual employees with notice of their rights under the law.  Notice to individual employees must be in English and in the employee’s primary language, provided the employee’s primary language is the primary language of at least 10% of the employer’s workforce.  Employers are also required to display a poster in a conspicuous and accessible place in each covered business establishment.  In addition, employers must maintain records documenting their compliance with the applicable ordinance.

Failure to comply with these ordinances may result in fines, civil penalties, or a private action by a current or former employee.  As such, employers in the covered municipalities should familiarize themselves with the applicable ordinances and take steps to ensure compliance.

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Paid Sick Leave: Connecticut Tweaks and Newark Speaks

Jackson Lewis Logo

The Connecticut Paid Sick Leave Law has been tweaked in three respects: (1) to allow employers to determine the 50-employee applicability threshold in the same manner as under the state’s Family and Medical Leave Act, i.e., by determining whether the employer has at least 50 employees on its payroll for the week containing October 1; (2) to allow accrual of paid sick leave hours on any annual basis, not just a calendar year, and (3) to add one additional job title—radiologic technologists—to the list of “service worker” titles that are eligible for paid sick leave. The law adopting the tweaks— An Act Creating Parity between Paid Sick Leave Benefits and Other Employer-Provided Benefits (Public Act 14-128)—is effective January 1, 2015.

Newark, N,J. whose  Paid Sick Leave Ordinance became effective on June 21, 2014, has issued FAQs about the ordinance. There are 24 FAQs–a dozen directed to employers and a dozen directed to employees. The FAQs address a myriad of questions on topics such as employee eligibility, accrual of paid sick leave, employer notice obligations, appropriate uses of paid sick leave and the law’s integration with collective bargaining agreements.

Also on the paid sick leave issue, the Massachusetts Secretary of State announced last week that voters in November will be asked whether to approve a mandatory earned sick time law. If the issue passes, Massachusetts would become the second state and ninth jurisdiction to adopt a paid sick time law.

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Mandatory Paid Sick Leave: Employers Bracing for November Ballot Initiative in Orange County

The National Law Review recently published an article regarding Mandatory Paid Sick Leave, by Rachel D. Gebaide and Melody B. Lynch of Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, P.A.:

Citizens for Greater Orange County (CGOC), a Florida political committee, last week presented the requisite number of signatures needed to garner a spot on the November 6, 2012 ballot in Orange County for a proposed earned paid sick leave ordinance. Bill Cowles, Orange County Supervisor of Elections, verified the final petitions needed for the measure on Friday, August 17, 2012, after determining that the CGOC collected over 50,000 signatures from Orange County registered voters.

If approved by voters, the paid sick leave ordinance would require all employers in Orange County with 15 or more employees to provide each employee with one hour of paid job-protected sick leave for every 37 hours worked, up to a maximum of 56 hours of paid sick leave annually. Smaller employers in Orange County are not required to provide paid sick leave but may not retaliate against any employee who uses up to 56 hours of sick time per year. As a result, the ordinance essentially requires Orange County employers with fewer than 15 employees to provide up to 56 hours of unpaid sick leave annually to each employee.

Under the proposed ordinance, which applies to full and part-time employees, employees could use their paid sick leave for their own illness, diagnosis or preventative medical care, for the care of an ill family member, or to care for their child in the event that a child’s school or day care facility is closed due to a public health emergency. The definition of a family member under the ordinance is quite broad, and includes an employee’s spouse, child, parent, grandparent, grandchild, domestic partner, sibling or other individual related by blood or affinity.

In formal opposition to the sick leave ordinance and in an attempt to block the ballot initiative, a coalition of local chamber of commerce organizations and business associations filed a Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief in Orange County Circuit Court against the Citizens for Greater Orange County and Bill Cowles, in his official capacity as the Orange County Supervisor of Elections. The crux of the chambers’ and business associations’ argument is that the language of the ballot initiative is misleading to voters and is cost-prohibitive to employers, including the non-profit organizations, charities and religious institutions that also would be covered by the ordinance. According to the Orlando Sentinel, Orange County Mayor Teresa Jacobs and each of the Orange County Commissioners oppose the sick leave ordinance, suggesting that Board of County Commissioners is unlikely to adopt the ordinance which it could do instead of sending the issue to the voters.

Barring a successful legal challenge, Orange County voters will cast their vote for or against the sick leave ordinance in November. In addition to the legal challenge, Orange County voters can expect to see well-organized campaigns on both sides of the issue.

If the sick leave ordinance passes, employers in Orange County will need to analyze their current sick leave and other paid time off policies and implement new or revised policies no later than January 1, 2013, to comply with the ordinance.Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor, & Reed, P.A. has a team of employment lawyers who can assist you with that analysis, including the interplay between the sick leave ordinance, related federal and state laws, and your paid time off policies.

© Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, PA